Which clause imposes conditions on the fields that are summarized in the SELECT statement?

• A. Order By
• B. Having
• C. Group By
• D. Where

Answer: (B)

Filtering after aggregation is being tested here. The clause that imposes conditions on the fields summarized in the SELECT statement is HAVING. HAVING applies to the grouped results, evaluating conditions on aggregate values (like SUM, COUNT, AVG) after the data has been grouped. For example, selecting a department and its total sales with a condition that the total must exceed 1000 uses HAVING to enforce that threshold on the aggregated sum. In contrast, WHERE filters individual rows before they’re grouped, GROUP BY determines how rows are grouped, and ORDER BY sorts the final results. So HAVING is the clause that constrains the summarized fields.