Which concept refers to a group of SQL statements that are treated as a single unit of work, which either all succeed or fail?

• A. Subroutine
• B. Transaction
• C. Batch
• D. Procedure

Answer: (B)

A transaction is a group of SQL statements treated as a single unit of work; either all of them succeed and their changes are saved, or none of them take effect. This all-or-nothing behavior is known as atomicity, one of the ACID properties that ensure data integrity. You typically start a transaction, execute your statements, and then either commit to apply the changes or roll back to undo them if something goes wrong.

The other concepts describe kinds of code or how statements are organized rather than the all-or-nothing execution guarantee. A subroutine is a reusable block of code, a batch is a set of statements sent together for execution, and a procedure is a stored routine or program you can call with parameters. None inherently guarantees that every statement in the group will succeed or fail together without explicit transactional control, which is why the idea described points to a transaction.