Which property ensures transitions from one valid state to another valid state?

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Maintaining data integrity across transactions is what this property is about. Consistency means a transaction must move the database from one valid state to another valid state, enforcing all rules, constraints, and invariants defined on the data. If an operation would break a constraint—like a nonnegative balance, a foreign key relationship, or any custom check—the system prevents the change, keeping the database in a valid state.

Atomicity is about whether a transaction happens in full or not at all, not whether the resulting state is valid. Isolation deals with how concurrent transactions interact and what they can see during execution. Durability ensures that once a transaction is committed, its effects survive failures, but it doesn’t speak to maintaining validity during the transition itself.

So the property that ensures transitions from one valid state to another valid state is consistency.